Introduction
Since Oracle 12c, the CDB (Container Database) and PDB (Pluggable Database) model has been the recommended architecture. Oracle has announced that the non-CDB architecture is deprecated, and it's not supported at all starting from Oracle 21c. If you're planning to upgrade to a newer Oracle version, migrating your non-CDB databases into a CDB is no longer optional, it's a prerequisite. This guide walks through one method of doing that migration.
Patch Consideration
If the source and destination instances aren't at the same patch level, you'll see PDB violations reported in the PDB_PLUG_IN_VIOLATIONS view after plugging in. How you resolve this depends on the direction of the mismatch:
- If the destination is at a higher patch level than the source, run
datapatch -verboseon the destination instance as normal. It will report any errors and suggest what action to take. - If the destination is at a lower patch level than the source, you'll need to run a
datapatch -rollbackoperation instead.
Methods of Migration
- DBMS_PDB Package (the plugging method)
- Creating the PDB via DB Link
- Export/Import Method
This guide covers the first method. The DB Link method will be covered in a follow-up article, the Export/Import method is the traditional Data Pump approach and won't be covered here since it's already well documented elsewhere.
DBMS_PDB Package (Plugging Method)
Prerequisites
- A multitenant (CDB) database must already exist on the target. If it doesn't, create one first.
Environment Used in This Guide
| Server | Non-CDB | CDB |
|---|---|---|
| Hostname | MISN | REPORT |
| IP | 192.168.80.51 | 192.168.80.52 |
| OS | OEL 9 | OEL 9 |
| SID | MISN | REPORT |
| Patch Level | 19.24 | 19.27 |
| PDB | NA | MISD |
Since the non-CDB and CDB live on separate servers, we'll take an RMAN backup of the source non-CDB, restore it as a standalone non-CDB instance on the target server first, and then plug that restored instance into the CDB. This two-stage approach (restore, then plug in) is necessary because DBMS_PDB.DESCRIBE needs to run against a live, accessible non-CDB instance.
Step 1: Take a Precheck and RMAN Backup at the Source
Before backing anything up, create a test table so we have a simple way to confirm data integrity after the migration completes.
SQL> show user
USER is "TEST1"
SQL>
SQL> def
DEFINE _DATE = "27-APR-25" (CHAR)
DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = "misn" (CHAR)
DEFINE _USER = "TEST1" (CHAR)
DEFINE _PRIVILEGE = "" (CHAR)
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1924000000" (CHAR)
DEFINE _EDITOR = "vi" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_VERSION = "Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.24.0.0.0" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_RELEASE = "1924000000" (CHAR)
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE COMPANY (EMP_ID INT,NAME VARCHAR(255), COMPANY VARCHAR(255));
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO COMPANY VALUES (101,'Yash','WIPRO');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO COMPANY VALUES (102,'Vijay','AIRTEL');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO COMPANY VALUES (103,'Riya','TCS');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select count(*) from COMPANY;
COUNT(*)
----------
3
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.24.0.0.0
Next, run precheck queries to confirm the database is healthy, no invalid objects, no unexpected patch state, before taking it offline for backup. Then stop the listener, force a log switch, and generate a pfile for reference on the target.
[oracle@misn rmanmisn]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 14:04:47 2025
Version 19.24.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.24.0.0.0
SQL> set lines 200 pages 1000
col open_mode for a15
col HOST_NAME for a15
select NAME,DATABASE_ROLE,OPEN_MODE,INSTANCE_NUMBER,INSTANCE_NAME,HOST_NAME,VERSION,STARTUP_TIME,STATUS from gv$database,gv$instance;SQL> SQL> SQL>
NAME DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE INSTANCE_NUMBER INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME VERSION STARTUP_T STATUS
--------- ---------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------- --------------- ----------------- --------- ------------
MISN PRIMARY READ WRITE 1 MISN misn 19.0.0.0.0 27-APR-25 OPEN
SQL> select BANNER_FULL from v$version;
BANNER_FULL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.24.0.0.0
SQL> col ACTION_TIME for a20
SQL> col ACTION for a10
SQL> col STATUS for a10
SQL> col DESCRIPTION for a60
SQL> select patch_uid,patch_id,SOURCE_VERSION, TARGET_VERSION, action, status,action_time,description from dba_registry_sqlpatch;
PATCH_UID PATCH_ID SOURCE_VERSION TARGET_VERSION ACTION STATUS ACTION_TIME DESCRIPTION
---------- ---------- --------------- --------------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
25751445 36582781 19.1.0.0.0 19.24.0.0.0 APPLY SUCCESS 26-APR-25 09.55.24.9 Database Release Update : 19.24.0.0.240716 (36582781)
95644 PM
SQL> col comp_id for a10
SQL> col version for a11
SQL> col status for a10
SQL> col comp_name for a37
SQL> select comp_id,comp_name,version,status from dba_registry;
COMP_ID COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS
---------- ------------------------------------- ----------- ----------
CATALOG Oracle Database Catalog Views 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
CATPROC Oracle Database Packages and Types 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
RAC Oracle Real Application Clusters 19.0.0.0.0 OPTION OFF
JAVAVM JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
XML Oracle XDK 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
CATJAVA Oracle Database Java Packages 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
APS OLAP Analytic Workspace 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
XDB Oracle XML Database 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
OWM Oracle Workspace Manager 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
CONTEXT Oracle Text 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
ORDIM Oracle Multimedia 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
SDO Spatial 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
XOQ Oracle OLAP API 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
OLS Oracle Label Security 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
DV Oracle Database Vault 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
15 rows selected.
SQL> select count(*) from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
COUNT(*)
----------
0
Stop Listener:
[oracle@misn ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 27-APR-2025 13:35:56
Copyright (c) 1991, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=misn.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 27-APR-2025 13:08:01
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 27 min. 56 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/misn/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=misn.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "MISN" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "MISN", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "MISNXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "MISN", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@misn ~]$
[oracle@misn ~]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 27-APR-2025 13:36:01
Copyright (c) 1991, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=misn.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@misn ~]$
[oracle@misn ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 13:50:44 2025
Version 19.24.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.24.0.0.0
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> create pfile='/u01/app/oracle/rmanmisn/initMISN.ora' from spfile;
File created.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.24.0.0.0
Take Backup:
[oracle@misn rmanmisn]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 13:50:16 2025
Version 19.24.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: MISN (DBID=1539538097)
RMAN> report schema;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name MISN
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 1110 SYSTEM YES /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/system01.dbf
3 860 SYSAUX NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/sysaux01.dbf
4 750 UNDOTBS1 YES /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/undotbs01.dbf
7 5 USERS NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/users01.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1 184 TEMP 32767 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/temp01.dbf
RMAN>
RMAN> run
{
allocate channel ch1 device type disk;
backup as compressed backupset database format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanmisn/Fullback_%T_%U';
backup as compressed backupset archivelog all format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanmisn/Archive_%T_%U';
backup current controlfile format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanmisn/Controlback_%T_%U';
release channel ch1;
}
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=269 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 27-APR-25
channel ch1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/users01.dbf
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 27-APR-25
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 27-APR-25
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/rmanmisn/Fullback_20250427_053nv2qj_5_1_1 tag=TAG20250427T135114 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:15
Finished backup at 27-APR-25
Starting backup at 27-APR-25
current log archived
channel ch1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ch1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=1 STAMP=1199484381
input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=2 STAMP=1199540312
input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=3 STAMP=1199540572
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=4 STAMP=1199541053
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=5 STAMP=1199541056
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=6 STAMP=1199541271
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 27-APR-25
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 27-APR-25
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/rmanmisn/Archive_20250427_063nv30o_6_1_1 tag=TAG20250427T135432 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished backup at 27-APR-25
Starting backup at 27-APR-25
channel ch1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 27-APR-25
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 27-APR-25
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/rmanmisn/Controlback_20250427_073nv326_7_1_1 tag=TAG20250427T135518 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 27-APR-25
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 27-APR-25
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/MISN/autobackup/2025_04_27/o1_mf_s_1199541322_n0vthm91_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 27-APR-25
released channel: ch1
RMAN>
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@misn rmanmisn]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/rmanmisn
[oracle@misn rmanmisn]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 14:04:47 2025
Version 19.24.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.24.0.0.0
Transfer Backup:
[oracle@misn rmanmisn]$ ls -lrth
total 747M
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 617M Apr 27 13:54 Fullback_20250427_053nv2qj_5_1_1
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 120M Apr 27 13:55 Archive_20250427_063nv30o_6_1_1
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 11M Apr 27 13:55 Controlback_20250427_073nv326_7_1_1
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1.2K Apr 27 14:05 initMISN.ora
[oracle@misn rmanmisn]$
[oracle@misn rmanmisn]$ scp * oracle@report:/u01/app/oracle/rman
The authenticity of host 'report (report)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:u1O6svnS8kY1i6Mv88TDIlYsvqDyISi2Uz3ZBc8kKfY.
This host key is known by the following other names/addresses:
~/.ssh/known_hosts:1: target
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'report' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@report's password:
Archive_20250427_063nv30o_6_1_1 100% 119MB 43.2MB/s 00:02
Controlback_20250427_073nv326_7_1_1 100% 10MB 41.3MB/s 00:00
Fullback_20250427_053nv2qj_5_1_1 100% 616MB 22.1MB/s 00:27
initMISN.ora 100% 1148 352.0KB/s 00:00
Step 2: Restore the Non-CDB Backup at the Target
Edit the transferred pfile to reflect the new instance name (MISNT in this example) and paths, then start the instance in nomount mode, restore the control file, and recover the database using the transferred backup pieces.
[oracle@report rman]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/rman
[oracle@report rman]$ cat initMISNT.ora
MISNT.__data_transfer_cache_size=0
MISNT.__db_cache_size=1409286144
MISNT.__inmemory_ext_roarea=0
MISNT.__inmemory_ext_rwarea=0
MISNT.__java_pool_size=0
MISNT.__large_pool_size=16777216
MISNT.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
MISNT.__pga_aggregate_target=671088640
MISNT.__sga_target=1996488704
MISNT.__shared_io_pool_size=100663296
MISNT.__shared_pool_size=452984832
MISNT.__streams_pool_size=0
MISNT.__unified_pga_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/MISNT/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='19.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/control01.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_name='MISN'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=8256m
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=MISNTXDB)'
*.local_listener='LISTENER_MISNT'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.nls_language='AMERICAN'
*.nls_territory='AMERICA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=631m
*.processes=300
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=1892m
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
[oracle@report rman]$
[oracle@report rman]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/MISNT/adump
[oracle@report rman]$
[oracle@report rman]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/
[oracle@report rman]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [REPORT] ? MISNT
ORACLE_HOME = [/home/oracle] ? /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@report rman]$
[oracle@report rman]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 14:33:29 2025
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/rman/initMISNT.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1996488376 bytes
Fixed Size 8941240 bytes
Variable Size 469762048 bytes
Database Buffers 1509949440 bytes
Redo Buffers 7835648 bytes
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0
[oracle@report rman]$ ls
Archive_20250427_063nv30o_6_1_1 Controlback_20250427_073nv326_7_1_1 Fullback_20250427_053nv2qj_5_1_1 initMISNT.ora
[oracle@report rman]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 14:38:04 2025
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: MISN (not mounted)
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/rman/Controlback_20250427_073nv326_7_1_1';
restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/rman/Controlback_20250427_073nv326_7_1_1';
Starting restore at 27-APR-25
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/control01.ctl
Finished restore at 27-APR-25
RMAN> alter database mount;
alter database mount;
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
Statement processed
RMAN> report schema;
report schema;
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 27-APR-25
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=23 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 3 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 27-APR-25
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 27-APR-25
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 27-APR-25
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
RMAN-06139: warning: control file is not current for REPORT SCHEMA
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name MISN
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 0 SYSTEM *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/system01.dbf
3 0 SYSAUX *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/sysaux01.dbf
4 0 UNDOTBS1 *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/undotbs01.dbf
7 0 USERS *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/users01.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1 20 TEMP 32767 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISN/temp01.dbf
RMAN>
RMAN> catalog start with '/u01/app/oracle/rman';
catalog start with '/u01/app/oracle/rman';
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/app/oracle/rman
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/rman/Archive_20250427_063nv30o_6_1_1
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/rman/Controlback_20250427_073nv326_7_1_1
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/rman/Fullback_20250427_053nv2qj_5_1_1
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/rman/initMISNT.ora
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? YES
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/rman/Archive_20250427_063nv30o_6_1_1
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/rman/Controlback_20250427_073nv326_7_1_1
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/rman/Fullback_20250427_053nv2qj_5_1_1
List of Files Which Were Not Cataloged
=======================================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/rman/initMISNT.ora
RMAN-07517: Reason: The file header is corrupted
RMAN> RUN
{
ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE disk;
ALLOCATE CHANNEL c2 DEVICE TYPE disk;
set newname for database to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/%b';
restore database;
switch datafile all;
switch tempfile all;
recover database;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}RUN
2> {
3> ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE disk;
4> ALLOCATE CHANNEL c2 DEVICE TYPE disk;
5> set newname for database to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/%b';
6> restore database;
7> switch datafile all;
8> switch tempfile all;
9> recover database;
10> release channel c1;
11> release channel c2;
12>
}
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=17 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=259 device type=DISK
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 27-APR-25
channel c1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel c1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/system01.dbf
channel c1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/sysaux01.dbf
channel c1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/undotbs01.dbf
channel c1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/users01.dbf
channel c1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/rman/Fullback_20250427_053nv2qj_5_1_1
channel c1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/rman/Fullback_20250427_053nv2qj_5_1_1 tag=TAG20250427T135114
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:03:28
Finished restore at 27-APR-25
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=1199544353 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/system01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=1199544354 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=1199544354 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=1199544354 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/users01.dbf
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/temp01.dbf in control file
Starting recover at 27-APR-25
starting media recovery
channel c1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel c1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=15
channel c1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/rman/Archive_20250427_063nv30o_6_1_1
channel c1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/rman/Archive_20250427_063nv30o_6_1_1 tag=TAG20250427T135432
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/MISN/archivelog/2025_04_27/o1_mf_1_15_n0vxgfm5_.arc thread=1 sequence=15
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/MISN/archivelog/2025_04_27/o1_mf_1_15_n0vxgfm5_.arc RECID=7 STAMP=1199544357
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=16
RMAN Command Id : 2025-04-27T14:41:25
RMAN Command Id : 2025-04-27T14:41:25
RMAN Command Id : 2025-04-27T14:41:25
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 04/27/2025 14:46:01
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 16 and starting SCN of 2211545
RMAN Client Diagnostic Trace file : /u01/app/oracle/diag/clients/user_oracle/RMAN_3959702396_110/trace/ora_rman_6436_0.trc
RMAN Server Diagnostic Trace file : /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/misn/MISNT/trace/MISNT_ora_6442.trc
RMAN>exit;
The RMAN-06054 error here is expected and harmless, it means recovery has applied everything available and is just looking for a sequence 16 log that doesn't exist yet, since we haven't generated any further redo. We proceed by opening with RESETLOGS, which starts a fresh redo stream from this point.
[oracle@report ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 15:00:59 2025
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0
SQL> set lines 200 pages 1000
col open_mode for a15
col HOST_NAME for a15
select NAME,DATABASE_ROLE,OPEN_MODE,INSTANCE_NUMBER,INSTANCE_NAME,HOST_NAME,VERSION,STARTUP_TIME,STATUS from gv$database,gv$instance;SQL> SQL> SQL>
NAME DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE INSTANCE_NUMBER INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME VERSION STARTUP_T STATUS
--------- ---------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------- --------------- ----------------- --------- ------------
MISN PRIMARY MOUNTED 1 MISNT report 19.0.0.0.0 27-APR-25 MOUNTED
SQL>
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open
SQL> alter database open RESETLOGS;
Database altered.
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/rman/initMISNT.ora';
File created.
SQL> shut immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1996488376 bytes
Fixed Size 8941240 bytes
Variable Size 469762048 bytes
Database Buffers 1509949440 bytes
Redo Buffers 7835648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
Step 3: Describe the Non-CDB Using DBMS_PDB.DESCRIBE
With the non-CDB instance restored and open, generate the XML description file that the CDB will use to evaluate plug-in compatibility. This needs to run while the database is open read-only, then the instance is shut down since it's no longer needed as a standalone database.
[oracle@report ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 15:00:59 2025
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0
SQL> shut immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
SQL> startup open read only;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1996488376 bytes
Fixed Size 8941240 bytes
Variable Size 469762048 bytes
Database Buffers 1509949440 bytes
Redo Buffers 7835648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
SQL> set lines 200 pages 1000
SQL> col open_mode for a15
SQL> col HOST_NAME for a15
SQL> select NAME,DATABASE_ROLE,OPEN_MODE,INSTANCE_NUMBER,INSTANCE_NAME,HOST_NAME,VERSION,STARTUP_TIME,STATUS from gv$database,gv$instance;
NAME DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE INSTANCE_NUMBER INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME VERSION STARTUP_T STATUS
--------- ---------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------- --------------- ----------------- --------- ------------
MISN PRIMARY READ ONLY 1 MISNT report 19.0.0.0.0 27-APR-25 OPEN
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
----------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/users01.dbf
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
-------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT/temp01.dbf
SQL> exec dbms_pdb.describe('/home/oracle/MISN_noncdb.xml');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL> shut immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
Step 4: Check Plug-In Compatibility From the CDB
Log into the CDB and run DBMS_PDB.CHECK_PLUG_COMPATIBILITY against the XML file. The ideal result is YES, meaning it's safe to plug in directly.
[oracle@report ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 15:00:59 2025
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0
SQL> set lines 200 pages 1000
SQL> col open_mode for a15
SQL> col HOST_NAME for a15
SQL> select NAME,DATABASE_ROLE,OPEN_MODE,INSTANCE_NUMBER,INSTANCE_NAME,HOST_NAME,VERSION,STARTUP_TIME,STATUS from gv$database,gv$instance;
NAME DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE INSTANCE_NUMBER INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME VERSION STARTUP_T STATUS
--------- ---------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------- --------------- ----------------- --------- ------------
REPORT PRIMARY READ WRITE 1 REPORT report 19.0.0.0.0 27-APR-25 OPEN
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 MISD READ WRITE NO
SQL>
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SQL> DECLARE
compatible CONSTANT VARCHAR2(3) := CASE DBMS_PDB.CHECK_PLUG_COMPATIBILITY(pdb_descr_file => '/home/oracle/MISN_noncdb.xml')
WHEN TRUE THEN 'YES'
ELSE 'NO'
END;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(compatible);
END;
/
NO
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
In our case, the result is NO. When that happens, query PDB_PLUG_IN_VIOLATIONS to find the specific cause.
SQL> set lines 333 pages 333
SQL> col NAME for a20
SQL> col CAUSE for a30
SQL> col MESSAGE for a70
SQL> select name,cause,type,message,status,action from PDB_PLUG_IN_VIOLATIONS where name='MISN';
NAME CAUSE TYPE MESSAGE STATUS ACTION
----- --------------- --------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ----------------------------------------
MISN Non-CDB to PDB WARNING PDB plugged in is a non-CDB, requires noncdb_to_pdb.sql be run. PENDING Run noncdb_to_pdb.sql.
MISN SQL Patch ERROR '19.27.0.0.0 Release_Update 2504061311' is installed in the CDB but '1 PENDING Call datapatch to install in the PDB or
9.24.0.0.0 Release_Update 2406272351' is installed in the PDB the CDB
The ACTION column tells us exactly what to do: call datapatch to bring the non-CDB's patch level in line with the CDB. This is the patch mismatch scenario described in the introduction, since the CDB (19.27) is at a higher patch level than the non-CDB (19.24).
Step 5: Start the Non-CDB and Run Datapatch
[oracle@report ~]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [REPORT] ? MISNT
ORACLE_HOME = [/home/oracle] ? /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@report ~]$
[oracle@report ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 15:03:56 2025
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL>
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1996488376 bytes
Fixed Size 8941240 bytes
Variable Size 469762048 bytes
Database Buffers 1509949440 bytes
Redo Buffers 7835648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0
[oracle@report ~]$
[oracle@report ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
[oracle@report OPatch]$
[oracle@report OPatch]$ ./datapatch -db MISNT -verbose
SQL Patching tool version 19.27.0.0.0 Production on Sun Apr 27 15:05:02 2025
Copyright (c) 2012, 2025, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Log file for this invocation: /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/sqlpatch_8569_2025_04_27_15_05_02/sqlpatch_invocation.log
Connecting to database...OK
Gathering database info...done
Bootstrapping registry and package to current versions...done
Determining current state...done
Current state of interim SQL patches:
No interim patches found
Current state of release update SQL patches:
Binary registry:
19.27.0.0.0 Release_Update 250406131139: Installed
SQL registry:
Applied 19.24.0.0.0 Release_Update 240627235157 successfully on 26-APR-25 09.55.24.995644 PM
Adding patches to installation queue and performing prereq checks...done
Installation queue:
No interim patches need to be rolled back
Patch 37642901 (Database Release Update : 19.27.0.0.250415 (37642901)):
Apply from 19.24.0.0.0 Release_Update 240627235157 to 19.27.0.0.0 Release_Update 250406131139
No interim patches need to be applied
Installing patches...
Patch installation complete. Total patches installed: 1
Validating logfiles...done
Patch 37642901 apply: SUCCESS
logfile: /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/37642901/27123174/37642901_apply_MISN_2025Apr27_15_06_38.log (no errors)
SQL Patching tool complete on Sun Apr 27 15:14:21 2025
[oracle@report OPatch]$
[oracle@report OPatch]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 15:21:11 2025
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0
SQL>
SQL> shut immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> def
DEFINE _DATE = "27-APR-25" (CHAR)
DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = "MISNT" (CHAR)
DEFINE _USER = "SYS" (CHAR)
DEFINE _PRIVILEGE = "AS SYSDBA" (CHAR)
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1927000000" (CHAR)
DEFINE _EDITOR = "vi" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_VERSION = "Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_RELEASE = "1927000000" (CHAR)
SQL>
SQL> startup open read only;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1996488376 bytes
Fixed Size 8941240 bytes
Variable Size 536870912 bytes
Database Buffers 1442840576 bytes
Redo Buffers 7835648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
SQL> exec dbms_pdb.describe('/home/oracle/MISN_noncdb.xml');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL> shut immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0
[oracle@report OPatch]$
After patching, we regenerate the XML description file, since it needs to reflect the now-updated patch level before we recheck compatibility.
Step 6: Recheck Compatibility From the CDB
[oracle@report ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 15:22:50 2025
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0
SQL> def
DEFINE _DATE = "27-APR-25" (CHAR)
DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = "REPORT" (CHAR)
DEFINE _USER = "SYS" (CHAR)
DEFINE _PRIVILEGE = "AS SYSDBA" (CHAR)
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1927000000" (CHAR)
DEFINE _EDITOR = "vi" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_VERSION = "Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_RELEASE = "1927000000" (CHAR)
SQL>
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SQL>
SQL> DECLARE
compatible CONSTANT VARCHAR2(3) := CASE DBMS_PDB.CHECK_PLUG_COMPATIBILITY(pdb_descr_file => '/home/oracle/MISN_noncdb.xml')
WHEN TRUE THEN 'YES'
ELSE 'NO'
END;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(compatible);
END;
/
YES
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
We now get YES, confirming the patch mismatch was the only blocker and we're clear to proceed with plugging in.
Step 7: Plug the Non-CDB Into the CDB
There are three options for handling the datafiles during this step:
- COPY: leaves the non-CDB's original datafiles untouched. New PDB files get copied to a new location, specified via
FILE_NAME_CONVERT. This is the safest option since the source remains usable afterward. - NOCOPY: reuses the existing files directly. After the operation, the non-CDB is no longer usable, since the new PDB is now using the same underlying files.
- MOVE: uses
FILE_NAME_CONVERTto physically move the existing datafiles to a new location. Like NOCOPY, the non-CDB won't be usable afterward.
We'll use COPY here, so the source instance remains intact as a fallback if anything goes wrong.
Create Directory for datafiles and tempfiles:
[oracle@report ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PDB/MISN
[oracle@report ~]$
[oracle@report ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 15:27:38 2025
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0
SQL>
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 MISD READ WRITE NO
SQL>
SQL> set lines 400 pages 4000
SQL> col PDB_NAME for a30
SQL> select name, open_mode, cdb, pdb_name, status from v$database,dba_pdbs;
NAME OPEN_MODE CDB PDB_NAME STATUS
--------- -------------------- --- ------------------------------ ----------
REPORT READ WRITE YES MISD NORMAL
REPORT READ WRITE YES PDB$SEED NORMAL
SQL>
SQL> create pluggable database MISN using '/home/oracle/MISN_noncdb.xml' copy file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/MISNT','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PDB/MISN');
Pluggable database created.
SQL>
SQL> set lines 400 pages 4000
SQL> col PDB_NAME for a30
SQL> select name, open_mode, cdb, pdb_name, status from v$database,dba_pdbs;
NAME OPEN_MODE CDB PDB_NAME STATUS
--------- -------------------- --- ------------------------------ ----------
REPORT READ WRITE YES MISD NORMAL
REPORT READ WRITE YES PDB$SEED NORMAL
REPORT READ WRITE YES MISN NEW
SQL> alter session set container=MISN;
Session altered.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PDB/MISN/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PDB/MISN/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PDB/MISN/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PDB/MISN/users01.dbf
SQL>
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PDB/MISN/temp01.dbf
SQL>
Notice the new PDB's status shows NEW, this is expected. It signals the PDB has been created but hasn't yet been fully converted from its non-CDB origins, which is exactly what the next step handles.
Step 8: Run noncdb_to_pdb.sql
This script converts the internal metadata left over from the non-CDB structure into proper PDB metadata. It must be run while connected to the new PDB's container, right after plugging in.
[oracle@report ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Apr 28 19:07:21 2025
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0
SQL>
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 MISD READ WRITE NO
4 MISN MOUNTED
SQL> alter session set container=MISN;
Session altered.
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql
SQL> SET FEEDBACK 1
SQL> SET NUMWIDTH 10
SQL> SET LINESIZE 80
SQL> SET TRIMSPOOL ON
SQL> SET TAB OFF
SQL> SET PAGESIZE 100
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF
SQL>
SQL> WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT;
SQL>
SQL> DOC
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC> The following statement will cause an "ORA-01403: no data found"
DOC> error if we're not in a PDB.
DOC> This script is intended to be run right after plugin of a PDB,
DOC> while inside the PDB.
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#######################################################################
DOC>#
...(remaining internal script output omitted for brevity)...
SQL> -- leave the PDB in the same state it was when we started
SQL> BEGIN
2 execute immediate '&open_sql &restricted_state';
3 EXCEPTION
4 WHEN OTHERS THEN
5 BEGIN
6 IF (sqlcode <> -900) THEN
7 RAISE;
8 END IF;
9 END;
10 END;
11 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL> WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE;
SQL>
SQL>
Step 9: Open the New PDB and Verify
Open the PDB, save its state so it reopens automatically on future CDB restarts, and run the same health checks (invalid objects, component registry) we ran on the source before backup. Finally, confirm the test data survived the entire migration.
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 MISD READ WRITE NO
4 MISN READ WRITE NO
SQL> select BANNER_FULL from v$version;
BANNER_FULL
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0
SQL> alter session set container=MISN;
Session altered.
SQL>
SQL> alter pluggable database open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> alter pluggable database save state;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> col comp_id for a10
SQL> col version for a11
SQL> col status for a10
SQL> col comp_name for a37
SQL> select comp_id,comp_name,version,status from dba_registry;
COMP_ID COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS
---------- ------------------------------------- ----------- ----------
CATALOG Oracle Database Catalog Views 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
CATPROC Oracle Database Packages and Types 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
RAC Oracle Real Application Clusters 19.0.0.0.0 OPTION OFF
JAVAVM JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
XML Oracle XDK 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
CATJAVA Oracle Database Java Packages 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
APS OLAP Analytic Workspace 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
XDB Oracle XML Database 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
OWM Oracle Workspace Manager 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
CONTEXT Oracle Text 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
ORDIM Oracle Multimedia 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
SDO Spatial 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
XOQ Oracle OLAP API 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
OLS Oracle Label Security 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
DV Oracle Database Vault 19.0.0.0.0 VALID
15 rows selected.
SQL> select count(*) from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
COUNT(*)
----------
0
SQL> exit
[oracle@report ~]$ sqlplus test1@misn
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 27 16:13:31 2025
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter password:
Last Successful login time: Sun Apr 27 2025 13:45:15 +05:30
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.27.0.0.0
SQL> show user
USER is "TEST1"
SQL>
SQL> select count(*) from company;
COUNT(*)
----------
3
Zero invalid objects and the original 3 rows in the test table confirm the non-CDB database MISN has been successfully plugged into the CDB REPORT, with no data loss and no leftover compatibility issues.
We'll cover the second method, creating a PDB via DB Link, in a follow-up article.
Thank you for reading!
I hope this content has been helpful to you. Your feedback and suggestions are always welcome. Feel free to leave a comment or reach out with any queries.
Abhishek Shrivastava
Oracle DBA with hands-on experience managing production Data Guard, RAC, GoldenGate, and APEX environments. I write practical, tested installation and troubleshooting guides based on real deployment work.
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